Which of the following is a characteristic of a solute?

The correct answer identifies a solute as the substance being dissolved in a solution. In a typical solution, the solute is present in a smaller amount compared to the solvent, which is the substance that dissolves the solute. For example, in a saltwater solution, salt acts as the solute while water is the solvent. This interaction is critical as it determines the properties of the solution, including concentration, boiling point, and freezing point.

The other options do not accurately define a solute. A solute does not dissolve the solvent; instead, it is the opposite—the solvent facilitates the dissolution of the solute. The idea that a solute remains after evaporation is inaccurate because, during evaporation, both solute and solvent can be affected, depending on their individual properties. Additionally, solutes are not restricted to being liquid; they can be solids (like sugar or salt) or gases (like carbon dioxide in carbonated drinks). Thus, identifying a solute as the substance being dissolved provides a clear and accurate understanding of its role in solution chemistry.