What is the process called when an acid and a base neutralize each other?

The process by which an acid and a base neutralize each other is known as neutralization. This chemical reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. During neutralization, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from the base to produce water (H₂O). The remaining ions form the salt. This reaction typically results in a solution that is closer to neutral pH, reducing the potential reactivity of both the acid and base.

Understanding neutralization is essential in many biological and chemical processes, including maintaining pH balance in the body, treating acid spills, and various applications in cooking, cleaning, and agriculture. The other processes listed, such as condensation, oxidation, and evaporation, involve different chemical changes and are not related to the direct reaction between acids and bases.